Thymus flower free#

Since it is endemic to the Iberian Peninsula it has many common names that are not of English origin. Some English common names are Spanish thyme and white thyme. Polyphenols found in the species and subspecies:

Thymus flower free#

Flavonoids have many functions in plants and in thyme studies have shown that they possess antioxidant properties which helps protect against free radicals. Thymus zygis contains flavonoids which is a group within polyphenols. It can be found in the production of perfumes and cosmetics, flavoring of chocolates, toothpaste, mouthwash, and cough medicine. There are a variety of uses for thyme oil. Additionally, there was not any cytotoxic effects shown on eukaryotic mammalian cells at concentrations that are effective against dermatophyte strains. All essential oils derived from each chemotype were shown to be effective against dermatophyte fungal strains with the carvacrol chemotype being the most effective in vitro. The thymol chemotype is one of the most common chemotypes in Spain. Subspecies sylvestris has four major chemotypes: linalool chemotype (maximum 30.0%), carvacrol chemotype (maximum 25.0%), thymol chemotype (maximum 23.8%), and geranyl acetate/geraniol chemotype (maximum 20.8% and 19.8% respectively). The findings from this study suggest that the essential oils can be used as natural preservatives to prevent bacterial growth and increase shelf life of certain food items. Depending on the concentration the essential oils can be bacteriostatic or bactericidal. The essential oils produced from each respective chemotype are effective in vitro against some gram-negative and gram-positive strains. Subspecies gracilis has two major chemotypes: thymol chemotype (maximum 68.1% )and linalool chemotype (maximum 82.3%). There are multiple chemotypes for each of the subspecies. This difference is due to the variety of chemotypes existing for this species. The concentration of each compound may be different depending on what plant the essential oil is harvested from.

The main compounds of interest in essential oils are thymol, carvacrol, linalool, and p-cymene. The essential oils of this species are store in the glandular peltate trichome. The compound composition varies at different stages of the vegetative cycle. Harvesting the plant during its flowering stage yields the highest amount of essential oil and the lowest yield of essential oil was during its dormancy period. There is a growing demand for essential oils so it is likely that the production is greater nowadays. From 1990 to 1998, there was between 35 and 45 tons of essential oil produced annually. In 1989, the production of Thymus zygis essential oil was 25 tons. There are three major regions in Spain that produce thyme oil: Almería, Murcia, and Albacete. Due to the high abundance of this species in the Iberian Peninsula, Spain is the dominant country producing essential oil from this species. Thymus zygis is mostly used for the production of essential oils and is the main species used for thyme oil. However, Thymus vulgaris is more commonly used as herb than this species. It is also a popular herb to cultivate and hybridize with other Thymus species due to its diverse aromatics. It is used as a dried and fresh herb collected from the wild in Spain and Portugal. This subspecies is diploid with a chromosome number of 28 (2n = 28). It has a denser indumentum when compared with the subspecies zygis. It is found in cold and wet environments which differs from the other two species. This subspecies does not grow near the coast. This subspecies is diploid with a chromosome number of 56 or 58 (2n = 56, 58). It has a more erect growth habit than subspecies sylvestris. This subspecies has a greater distribution than the other two subspecies.

This species is able hybridize with other species of the genus Thymus when there is overlapping flowering periods. As a result, there is a wide range of female frequency (17 – 87%) and a female frequency mean of 51%. The size of the chromosomes are typically between 1-2 μm. It is diploid but the chromosome number has been found to vary among the species. It is very common in the southern half of Spain, Portugal and in Morocco. It can tolerate acidic to alkaline soil conditions. Sandy and loamy soils are ideal for this species and it is tolerant of nutrient poor soil.

Its leaves are thin and about 8 mm in length. Thymus zygis is a type of flowering plant in the family Lamiaceae native to the Iberian Peninsula and northern Morocco.